近日,EMA发布了《药物临床试验质量管理规范(GCP)检查员工作组(IWG)2024年度报告》,该报告涵盖67次检查(52次常规、15次有因检查),涉及临床研究者(62.7%)、申办者(26.9%)和合同研究组织(CRO)(7.5%)等参与方,主要分布在亚洲(32.8%)、北美(25.4%)和欧盟/欧洲经济区(22.4%)。
检查发现335项主要或严重缺陷,涉及通用问题(137项)、试验管理(86项)、研究现场(37项)等。通用问题缺陷集中于关键文件(41项)、源文件(38项)、标准操作规程(22项);试验管理缺陷以监测(35项)和数据管理(27项)为主;研究现场缺陷多与方案依从性(共28项)相关。
报告中列出了在“通用”、“试验管理”和“研究现场”三个主要类别的子类别中常见的严重和主要缺陷示例:
通用(General)缺陷
合同/协议(Contracts/agreements):
合同/协议中缺乏明确的GCP合规条款(Lack of explicit GCP compliance clauses in contracts/agreements)
对试验文件的直接访问权限不足(Insufficient direct access to trial documentation)
第三方/供应商资质认定与监督记录不充分(Inadequate documentation of third party/vendor qualification and oversight)
合同/协议未正式签署或延迟(Missing or delayed formalisation of contracts/agreements)
申办者与临床研究者的合同/协议未明确文件保存与归档要求(Retention and archiving requirements not established in contracts/agreements between sponsors and clinical investigators)
必备文件和数据直接访问(Essential documents and direct access to data):
监查员和检查员无法在试验现场访问包含关键文件/数据的试验相关电子系统(Lack of access at the trial site to trial-relevant electronic systems containing essential documents/data for monitors and inspectors)
试验主文件/研究者场地文件问题,包括文件不完整或维护不善(Trial Master File/Investigator Site File issues including incomplete or poorly maintained files)
版本控制和文件管理缺失:工作表、知情同意书缺少版本控制;方案与研究者手册内容不一致;试验主文件(TMF)质量控制流程缺乏正式文件记录(Lack of version control and document management: missing version control of worksheets, informed consent forms, inconsistencies between protocol and investigator brochure; no formally documented process for TMF quality control)
复印件认证和质量不足:未建立复印件认证流程;源数据验证/审查仅基于未经认证的电子病历副本(Inadequate certification and quality of copies: Process for certification of copies not established; source data verification/review only based on review of uncertified copies of electronic medical records)
临床试验机构的检查就绪度不足(Lack of inspection readiness at clinical sites)
设施和设备(Facilities and equipment):
存档和存储设施不足(Inadequate archiving and storage facilities)
设备验证、维护与文件记录缺陷:缺少设备校准、诊断设备无规范文件记录、设备维护证书缺失(Equipment qualification, maintenance, and documentation deficiencies: Lack of equipment calibration, diagnostic equipment lacking proper documentation, equipment maintenance certificates not available)
对设施是否适合试验程序缺乏评估或评估不足(Lack of or insufficient assessment of the suitability of facilities for trial procedures)
缺乏生物样本临时存储位置及存储条件的文件记录(Lack of documentation on temporary storage location and the conditions of storage of biological samples)
组织和人员(Organisation and personnel):
试验相关任务授权缺陷(Deficiencies in delegation of trial related tasks):
在委托期限外执行任务(Tasks performed outside of the delegation period)
记录的任务委托与实际执行活动之间存在差异(Discrepancies between documented delegation of trial related tasks and actual activities performed)
申办者/CRO提供的委托日志模板不完善(Inadequate delegation log template provided by the sponsor/CRO)
资质/培训(Qualification/training):
缺失或不完整的培训文件(如资质证明、培训记录、GCP培训证书等),无法证明研究中心人员接受了GCP及试验相关文件的培训(Missing or incomplete training documentation (e.g. qualifications, training records, GCP training certificates, etc.) evidencing site personnel training in GCP and trial relevant documents)
现场人员培训延迟或时机不对(如在试验启动或方案实施后才完成培训)(Delayed or untimely training of site personnel (training completed after site activation, training completed after protocol implementation) )
随机化/盲法/代码IMP(Randomisation/blinding/codes IMP):
盲法相关文件不完整或缺失,和/或随机化/盲法变更的沟通不当(Inadequate or missing blinding-related documentation and/or inappropriate communication of changes to randomisation/blinding)
标准操作程序(SOP):
关键试验流程及试验文件的SOP缺失或延迟制定(Missing or delayed SOPs for critical trial processes and trial documents)
SOP内容不完整或不充分(Incomplete or inadequate SOP content)
缺乏版本控制与变更管理(Lack of version control and change management)
关键试验相关流程对应的SOP的选择、复核及批准流程存在缺陷(Deficient process to select, review, and approve SOPs for critical trial related processes)
SOP未与法规要求和规范保持一致(SOPs not aligned with regulatory requirements and practices)
源文件(Source documentation):
源数据不完整、不准确或未同步记录(Incomplete, inaccurate, or non-contemporaneous source data)
源数据与病例报告表之间存在差异(Discrepancies between source data and case report forms)
关键试验流程记录不充分(Inadequate documentation of key trial processes)
样本处理和临床操作记录不足(Inadequate documentation of sample handling and clinical procedures)
试验管理(Trial management)缺陷
审计(Audit):
审计SOP和流程的缺失或延迟制定(Absence or delay of Audit SOPs and processes)
审计记录与监督不充分(Inadequate documentation and oversight of audits)
常规质量保证活动执行存在缺陷(Deficiencies in the performance of routine quality assurance activities):
未对代表申办者开展业务的合作伙伴/供应商进行审计(No audits conducted of partners/vendors engaged in activities on behalf of the sponsor)
未对申办者的任何流程/活动进行审计(No audits conducted of any sponsor processes/activities)
未对研究者现场进行审计(No audits conducted of investigator sites)
临床试验报告(CSR):
CSR质量控制存在缺陷(Deficient quality control of the CSR)
CSR中对方案偏离和关键数据的报告不完整或不准确(Incomplete or inaccurate reporting of protocol deviations and key data in the CSR)
数据纳入和分析的延迟与缺陷:数据清洗不足,原因是主要分析后才检测到数据变更(Delays and gaps in data inclusion and analysis: Insufficient data cleaning resulting in data changes detected only after primary analysis)
数据管理(Data Management):
缺乏数据管理计划、程序与监督(Lack of data management plans, procedures, and oversight)
数据迁移与系统验证不充分(Inadequate data migration and system validation)
数据录入、清洗和锁定的延迟与缺陷(Delays and gaps in data entry, cleaning, and freezing)
数据处理的记录与可追溯性不足:使用Excel收集敏感数据;方案偏离的识别与报告流程不完善(Inadequate documentation and traceability of data handling: Use of excel for sensitive data collection; insufficient process for identifying and reporting protocol deviations)
数据集与分析结果的版本控制及时间戳不充分(Inadequate version control and date-time stamping of data sets and analysis outcomes)
数据安全性不足:伪匿名化和揭盲数据未采用密码保护或加密传输(Inadequate data security: Pseudonymised and unblinded data sent without password protection or encryption)
文件控制(Document control):
缺乏正式的文件审核与控制流程(Lack of formal processes for document review and control)
临床试验关键决策文件记录不完整或不一致(Incomplete or inconsistent documentation of key decisions in the clinical trial)
监查(Monitoring):
监查拜访与相关文件记录不充分或延迟(Inadequate or delayed monitoring visits and documentation)
监查工作未基于适当的监查计划(Monitoring not based on an appropriate monitoring plan)
问题发现与上报机制不足:严重不良事件(SAE)报告延迟、研究场地文件(ISF)文件缺失、方案偏离、实验室数值遗漏等问题未被及时发现(Inadequate detection and escalation of issues: delays in SAE reporting, missing ISF documents, protocol deviations, missing laboratory values not detected)
监查员对源数据的访问权限不足:临床监查员(CRA)无法直接访问电子健康档案(EHR)/电子病历(EMR),限制了其执行监查任务的能力;并非所有可用源数据均可被监查(Insufficient access to source data for monitors: CRAs did not have direct access to EHRs/EMRs, limiting their ability to perform monitoring tasks; not all available source data used for monitoring.)
方案/病例报告表(CRF)/日记/问卷设计(Protocol/ CRF/ diary/ questionnaire design):
方案及相关文件的错误与歧义:编辑错误、表格标题误导、方案中未规定非计划访视的说明(Errors and ambiguities in protocol and associated documents: editorial errors, misleading table titles, no instructions in the protocol for unscheduled visits)
方案修订的文件记录存在延迟与缺陷(Delays and gaps in documenting protocol amendments)
病例报告表与日记的设计与实施不完善(Inadequate design and implementation of CRFs and diaries)
入选排除标准及患者数据的记录不完整或前后不一致(Incomplete or inconsistent documentation of inclusion and exclusion criteria and patient data)
统计分析(Statistical Analysis):
最终分析数据集的处理与存储不当(Inadequate handling and storage of final analysis data sets)
数据清洗与分析工作存在延迟与缺陷(Delays and gaps in data cleaning and analysis)
四川省医药保化品质量管理协会党支部召
按照省市场监督管理局社会组织联合..关于举办2026年度四川省药品生产企业质
各药品生产企业: 2026年是我国..四川省医药保化品质量管理协会召开第七
2025年12月17日,四川省医药保化品..协会党支部组织党日主题学习会
协会党支部组织党日主题学习会 --..关于相关收费标准的公示
根据四川省医药保化品质量管理协会..协会党支部组织党日主题学习会
协会党支部组织党日主题学习会 --..